My background includes years of network and computer security and today I received a message from some family members asking me to verify a website / offer / etc.
First, let me say this is EXACTLY what you should do if you're not sure about a message. Don't open websites linked in it, don't send passwords, etc. Phishers are basically trying to get your information / identity / etc by tricking you into providing it.
To get into the details a little, there was an ad on Craigslist for a beta test of Verizon's new 4G network, and better yet it included the iPhone! As is typical, it used official sounding language ("The FCC requires us to run this beta test..."), language explaining the details ("It's a different credit check site because of tax purposes!", what?!?), and so forth. I'd show you the site, but considering I don't want these weasels getting any more attention, let's talk about some common things that happen in Phishing situations:
- Message / site looks sort of official
- Make outrageous promises or claims (ie, "Your account is suspended!", "Act now, time is limited!", "We'll run a credit check and let you know if you get in!", etc)
- Require more information up front than makes sense ("Fill out this credit check and we'll let you know if you qualify")
There's obviously a lot more that can happen but let's go over how to recognize / avoid these messages:
- Check the email address - The email will look official on first glance but usually doesn't make sense when you think about it. A real company will have their own domain name (ie, google.com, verizon.com, apple.com, etc) but Phishers will use emails that don't look quite right. For example, john.verizon@gmail.com - The guy is trying to make it look official but has no real access to the domain so they fake it.
- Even if the email looks legitimate, don't trust it. It's easy to spoof these and can even reference real people / email addresses.
- The domain name - Again, anything legitimate will use a real domain name. You want to see the company / domain name as the last part before the .com / .net / etc. For example, www.apple.com is real. www.apple.hosting.com is not. If you're not sure, try going directly to the real site (apple.com, verizon.com, etc) and look for the details you're after. If you're not sure, ask.
- Hiding the domain name - sort of. With HTML you can have a link say one thing but go somewhere else. For example http://www.apple.com may look like it would link to apple.com, but is infact linking to www.apple.hosting.com. The best way to see this is to move your mouse over the link, but don't click it. The status bar (at the bottom of the browser window) will show you the real address.
- Credit checks / etc - First, always look for a secure site (https:// in the browser bar) - if it's not there, absolutely game over. If it is, you want to make sure that no popup messages came through (ie, "Can't verify site identity, etc") and that all the above is true.
Unfortunately these aren't the only thing you need to watch for (we've not discussed XSS attacks nor browser based hacks / attacks) but these are all pretty easy things to check for and verify.